| Subject: Virtual supplemental state(s)
Date: Mon, 29 Sep 2003 17:33:42 +0300 From: Dimi Chakalov <dchakalov@surfeu.at> To: Robert D Klauber <klauber@kdsi.net>, rklauber@.netscape.net CC: Robin Ticciati <ticciati@mum.edu>, Dan Solomon <dan.solomon@rauland.com>, Mario Rabinowitz <lrainbow@leland.stanford.edu>, Mark Davidson <mdavid@spectelresearch.com>, Masahiro Kawasaki <kawasaki@resceu.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>, Alexander Dolgov <dolgov@fe.infn.it> Dear Dr. Klauber, I'm reading your recent paper on the cosmological constant problem [Ref. 1] with great interest. It seems to me that the solution of this mind-boggling paradox requires some preferred reference frame. Since you quoted Peebles & Ratra's "The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy", I'm wondering if you have noticed that they explicitly talk about *preferred reference frame*; please see their footnote 19 at http://members.aon.at/chakalov/Tajmar.html#2 If we try to bypass this problem by assuming that only zero-point energy *differences* gravitate, then there are other well-known problems, after Dennis Sciama [Ref. 2]; see also http://members.aon.at/chakalov/Thompson.html#7 My efforts to tackle this whole issue can be read at http://members.aon.at/chakalov/Granik.html#lambda Perhaps your virtual supplemental state(s) is a brand new kind of reality, potential reality. You wrote [Ref. 1]: "Other researchers are invited to explore these and other ramifications of supplemental solutions." How about the GRBs engine? Please see http://members.aon.at/chakalov/Kawasaki.html I will appreciate your critical comments, as well as those by your colleagues. Regards, Dimi Chakalov
References [Ref. 1] Robert D. Klauber, Possible Mechanism
for Vanishing Vacuum Energy and a Null Cosmological Constant,
"As summarized by Peebles and Ratra [1], there are presently
three overriding cosmologic issues involving phenomena for which no generally
accepted theoretical solutions exist: 1) dark matter (non-baryonic, unseen
"normal" matter), 2) dark energy (small positive cosmological constant),
and 3) a vanishing sum of zero-point energies (cosmological constant almost
zero). These may be related, or they may be unrelated. The third of these
was known before the second, and is often termed the "cosmological constant
problem". This article presents a possible solution to it.
"It is shown that if these supplemental solutions were
to generate corresponding vacuum fluctuations, and maintained unbroken
their natural symmetry with the traditional solutions, then the theoretical
value for the cosmological constant is zero, and hence, quite close to
what is observed.
Footnote 4: "As noted in Section 3.4, supplemental solutions
have nothing to do with the Dirac's "sea of negative energy".
"5 Summary "Supplemental solutions to the QFT field equations exist
that can be obtained from the traditional solutions by taking [omega]
--> -[omega] . The incorporation of all solutions into the theory results
in a total Hamiltonian yielding a null energy VEV, renders the ad hoc procedure
of normal ordering unnecessary, and predicts a null cosmological constant.
Agreement with other observations is only maintained if supplemental states
occur only as virtual, and not as real, particles.
"There are many issues to explore with supplemental solutions.
For example, does the presence of supplemental virtual particles in the
theory affect calculations for the Lamb shift, the anomalous magnetic moment,
or the Casimir force? Is there any experiment that may be, or has been,
performed, which could support or disprove the existence of the proposed
supplemental solutions? (...) Are the supplemental and traditional particles
inherently uncoupled for all but gravity, or is there some natural mechanism whereby non-gravitational
interactions between them are suppressed? What asymmetries might exist
between the two kinds of fields that might relate to observed phenomena?
(...) Other researchers are invited to explore these and other ramifications
of supplemental solutions."
[Ref. ] Mark D. Roberts, Vacuum Energy,
"Sciama's \cite{sciama} view on the relationship between zero-point energy and gravitation is now presented. If an energy $\fr{1}{2}h\nu$ is ascribed to each mode of the vacuum radiation field, then the total energy of the vacuum is infinite. It would clearly be inconsistent with the original assumption of a background Minkowski spacetime to suppose that this energy produces gravitation in a manner controlled by Einstein's field equations of general relativity. It is also clear that the spacetime of the real world approximates closely to the Minkowski state, at least on macroscopic scales. It thus appears that must be regularized the zero-point energy of the vacuum by subtracting it out according to some systematic prescription (...). "At the same time, it would expected that zero-point energy *differences* gravitate. For example, the (negative) Casimir energy between two plane-parallel perfect conductors would be expected to gravitate; otherwise, the relativistic relation between measured energy and gravitation would be lost. Similarly, the regularized vacuum energy in a curved spacetime would be expected to gravitate, where the regularization is achieved by subtracting out the Minkowski contribution in a systematic way. This procedure is needed in order to obtain a pragmatically workable theory. The difficulty with it is that existing theory does not tell which is the fiducial state whose energy is to be set to zero. "Sciama \cite{sciama} claims that: "It is no doubt an
intelligent guess that one should take Minkowski spacetime as this fiducial
state, but the awkward point is that this (or any other) choice is not
*prescribed* by existing theory. Clearly, something essential is missing."
|
